Anti-VEGF treatment, also known as anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, is a medical treatment in which different medicines are used to reduce the growth of new blood vessels (neovascularization) to stop edema (swelling).
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Vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF is a growth-promoting protein that regrows blood vessels. Certain eye conditions cause the growth of these blood vessels under the macular area of the retina. The blood vessels become leaky due to the hyperactivity of VEGF protein, therefore, its activity needs to be stopped by anti-VEGF medications.
When the macular area starts to overgrow and produces extra vessels, it tends to cause problems in the central retina. This can lead to difficulty in reading, watching television, identifying objects, or recognizing faces. The anti-VEGF injection is administered in the white area of the eye -the sclera. Delivery of anti-VEGF medications or intravitreal injection to the vitreous area slows down the abnormally growing blood vessels, thereby reducing macular degeneration.
The side effects of anti-VEGF therapy include:
In most cases, the patients can resume their normal activities after an injection. You might experience mild pain and discomfort.
The duration of vision improvement may vary from person to person based on the treatment provided and the condition of the eye. Patients can notice an improvement in days to weeks.
Long-term management through anti-VEGF therapy for macular degeneration is for patients who have severe eye conditions due to old age or diabetic retinopathy.
Anti-VEGF therapy is carried out in the following stages:
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Anti-VEGF injection is administered after numbing the eye and takes a few seconds to deliver the dose. You won’t feel any pain while getting the anti-VEGF injection.
There are no significant complications of taking an anti-VEGF. Besides, some individuals may experience slight discomfort and irritation.
The effects of anti-VEGF medications start to show within months, therefore, you’ll need another dose after every 4 to 6 weeks unless your eye is cured. The whole treatment may take 12 weeks or maybe longer.
Anti-VEGF therapy is given to treat age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy which is progressive, diabetic macular oedema, and retinal vein occlusion.
The dose of anti-VEGF injection is very small and still goes into the bloodstream, acting on the systemic VEGF protein. The risks associated with anti-VEGF therapy are theoretical and include cardiovascular such as stroke